Altered Mitochondrial Functions and Morphologies in Epithelial Cells Are Associated With Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

Purpose@#Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. The disease is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, structural changes in the mitochondria, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This study investigated whether there are functional and morphological changes in the mitochondria in the epithelial cells of nasal polyps (NPs) and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB)-stimulated nasal epithelial cells. @*Methods@#In all, 30 patients with CRSwNP and 15 healthy subjects were enrolled. Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and changes in mitochondrial functions and structures were investigated in the uncinate tissue (UT) of healthy controls, the UT or NPs of CRSwNP patients, and human nasal epithelial cells with or without SEB stimulation. @*Results@#Oxidative phosphorylation complexes showed various responses following SEB stimulation in the nasal epithelial cells, and their expressions were significantly higher in the NPs of patients with CRSwNP than in the UT of controls. Generation of mtROS was increased following SEB exposure in nasal epithelial cells and was reduced by pretreatment with MitoTEMPO, which is used as an mtROS scavenger. In the tissues, mtROS was significantly increased in the NPs of CRSwNP patients compared to the UT of controls or CRSwNP patients. The expressions of fusion- and fission-related molecules were also significantly higher in SEB-exposed nasal epithelial cells than in non-exposed cells. In tissues, the expression of fission (fission mediator protein 1)- and fusion (membrane and mitofusin-1, and optic atrophy protein 1)-related molecules was significantly higher in the NPs of CRSwNP patients than in UT of controls or CRSwNP patients. Transmission electron microscopy revealed elongated mitochondria in SEB-exposed nasal epithelial cells and epithelial cells of NPs. @*Conclusions@#Production of mtROS, disrupted mitochondrial function, and structural changes in nasal epithelial cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.

Altered Mitochondrial Functions and Morphologies in Epithelial Cells Are Associated With Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

Purpose@#Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. The disease is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, structural changes in the mitochondria, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This study investigated whether there are functional and morphological changes in the mitochondria in the epithelial cells of nasal polyps (NPs) and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB)-stimulated nasal epithelial cells. @*Methods@#In all, 30 patients with CRSwNP and 15 healthy subjects were enrolled. Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and changes in mitochondrial functions and structures were investigated in the uncinate tissue (UT) of healthy controls, the UT or NPs of CRSwNP patients, and human nasal epithelial cells with or without SEB stimulation. @*Results@#Oxidative phosphorylation complexes showed various responses following SEB stimulation in the nasal epithelial cells, and their expressions were significantly higher in the NPs of patients with CRSwNP than in the UT of controls. Generation of mtROS was increased following SEB exposure in nasal epithelial cells and was reduced by pretreatment with MitoTEMPO, which is used as an mtROS scavenger. In the tissues, mtROS was significantly increased in the NPs of CRSwNP patients compared to the UT of controls or CRSwNP patients. The expressions of fusion- and fission-related molecules were also significantly higher in SEB-exposed nasal epithelial cells than in non-exposed cells. In tissues, the expression of fission (fission mediator protein 1)- and fusion (membrane and mitofusin-1, and optic atrophy protein 1)-related molecules was significantly higher in the NPs of CRSwNP patients than in UT of controls or CRSwNP patients. Transmission electron microscopy revealed elongated mitochondria in SEB-exposed nasal epithelial cells and epithelial cells of NPs. @*Conclusions@#Production of mtROS, disrupted mitochondrial function, and structural changes in nasal epithelial cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.

Associations between 24-hour Urine Sodium Excretion Level and Obesity-related Metabolic Risk Factors / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: Excess sodium intake has been linked to obesity and obesity-related indices. However, the scientific evidence for this association is inadequate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between urinary sodium excretion and obesity-related indices among Korean adults. METHODS: A convenience sample of 120 subjects (60 obese and 60 non-obese subjects) were recruited applying frequency matching for sex and age between two groups. Sodium intake level was assessed through 24-hour urine collection. Obesity-related metabolic risk factors, including fasting blood lipid indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat through computed tomography (CT), insulin resistance indices, blood pressure and liver enzymes were measured in all subjects. These obesity-related metabolic risk factors were compared between obese and non-obese group according to sodium excretion levels (180 mEq/day). RESULTS: After adjusting for age, gender, health behaviors (smoking, exercise, drinking), and energy intake, several obesity-related metabolic risk factors, including abdominal circumference, body fat percentage, subcutaneous and visceral fat, triglyceride, and systolic blood pressure were found to be significantly deteriorated as the sodium excretion level increases. In addition, multivariate adjusted-odds ratios of abdominal obesity, high blood triglyceride, and high blood pressure were found significantly higher in the highest sodium excretion group compared to the lowest group. The mean number of metabolic syndrome risk factors was also significantly greater in the highest sodium excretion group than in the lowest group. CONCLUSIONS: The current study findings suggested that high sodium intake can affect obesity and metabolic syndrome risk negatively, implying the necessity of future research on low-sodium diet intervention in relation to obesity and related health problems.

The therapeutic effect of silver nanocrystalline ointment on TMJ capsulitis

The silver nanocrystalline is widely used for biological field because of its biocompatibility and anti-microbial effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the silver nanocrystalline ointment on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsulitis. Total 39 patients were included in this study and all patients were received single topical application of the silver nanocrystalline ointment (group A, n=30) or placebo ointment (group B, n=19). Measured variables were maximum mouth opening (MMO), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and VAS for function. In results, we could not assess any therapeutic efficacy of single application in the chronic TMJ capsulitis (p>0.05). However, the single application of silver nanocrystalline ointment showed significant improvement in MMO and VAS for pain compared to placebo effect in the acute TMJ capsulitis (p<0.05). We could not find any complications related to ointment application in both groups. In conclusion, the single application of silver nanocrystalline ointment was effective in improving patient's symptom in acute TMJ capsulitis without any noticing complications.